Contribución a las metodologías de estimación de demanda de tráfico de Internet mediante la caracterización de perfiles de usuario

Esta tesis doctoral propone una metodología de estimación de demanda de tráfico de Internet basada en la caracterización de perfiles de usuario de Internet, con el objetivo de analizar el rendimiento y dimensionamiento de una red de acceso. Se realiza un exhaustivo análisis del estado del arte clasificado en tres partes. La primera parte se encuentra relacionada con la caracterización de usuarios en Internet. Incluye un estudio de las metodologías de extracción de conocimiento basado en técnicas de minería de datos, y un análisis de modelos teóricos y estudios previos de usuarios de Internet. En la segunda parte, se incluye un análisis de modelos teóricos para caracterizar fuentes de tráfico de aplicaciones de Internet, así como un estudio comparativo de los modelos de tráfico ON/OFF para un conjunto de aplicaciones representativas de Internet. En la última parte, se incluye un estudio de las arquitecturas de redes de acceso más relevantes y se propone un modelo genérico de arquitectura de red de acceso. Esta tesis doctoral define un marco metodológico basado en Procesos de Descubrimiento de Conocimiento (KDPs), con el que extraer, identificar y caracterizar, a los usuarios de Internet a partir de fuentes de información estadística. Se ha aplicado esta metodología a los usuarios residenciales en España y se ha identificado una distinción clara entre No-Usuarios (47%) y Usuarios de Internet (53%). Dentro de los usuarios de Internet se han extraído 4 perfiles de usuarios: Esporádicos (16%), Instrumentales (10%), Sociales (14%) y Avanzados (13%). Esta metodología también ha sido aplicada a años anteriores con el fin de realizar un pronóstico de la evolución de la tipología de usuarios de Internet en España. A continuación, se propone un método de estimación de demanda de tráfico basado en los perfiles de usuario de Internet identificados, con el objetivo de analizar el rendimiento de la red de acceso subyacente. Esta metodología se encuentra basada en 3 modelos: red de acceso, tráfico de red y perfiles de usuario y aplicaciones. Por último, la tesis presenta un modelo y una herramienta de simulación con la que se implementa el método de estimación de demanda anteriormente descrito. El modelo y la herramienta de simulación han sido validados frente a un modelo analítico mediante el uso de un escenario simplificado basado en fuentes de tráfico ON/OFF homogéneas. Mediante el uso de la herramienta de simulación desarrollada, se aplica la metodología de estimación de demanda a dos casos de uso, que se corresponden a dos escenarios de redes de acceso idénticas, a excepción de la caracterización de los usuarios de la misma. En el primer caso de uso, la red de acceso se caracteriza por los perfiles de usuario residenciales de Internet identificados para el año 2012, y en el segundo caso de uso, se utiliza el pronóstico de evolución de perfiles de usuario de Internet para el año 2017. Se concluye con una comparación del rendimiento de la red de acceso para ambos casos de uso, a partir del análisis del Grado de Servicio (GoS) de ambos escenarios

Estimation of Perceived Quality in Convergent Services

Triple-Play (3P) and Quadruple-Play (4P) services are being widely offered by telecommunication services providers. Such services must be able to offer equal or higher quality levels than those obtained with traditional systems, especially for the most demanding services such as broadcast IPTV. This paper presents a matrix-based model, defined in terms of service components, user perceptions, agent capabilities, performance indicators and evaluation functions, which allows to estimate the overall quality of a set of convergent services, as perceived by the users, from a set of performance and/or Quality of Service (QoS) parameters of the convergent IP transport networ

Logarithmical hopping encoding: a low computational complexity algorithm for image compression

LHE (logarithmical hopping encoding) is a computationally efficient image compression algorithm that exploits the Weber–Fechner law to encode the error between colour component predictions and the actual value of such components. More concretely, for each pixel, luminance and chrominance predictions are calculated as a function of the surrounding pixels and then the error between the predictions and the actual values are logarithmically quantised. The main advantage of LHE is that although it is capable of achieving a low-bit rate encoding with high quality results in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and image quality metrics with full-reference (FSIM) and non-reference (blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator), its time complexity is O( n) and its memory complexity is O(1). Furthermore, an enhanced version of the algorithm is proposed, where the output codes provided by the logarithmical quantiser are used in a pre-processing stage to estimate the perceptual relevance of the image blocks. This allows the algorithm to downsample the blocks with low perceptual relevance, thus improving the compression rate. The performance of LHE is especially remarkable when the bit per pixel rate is low, showing much better quality, in terms of PSNR and FSIM, than JPEG and slightly lower quality than JPEG-2000 but being more computationally efficient

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Estimation of Perceived Quality in Convergent Services

Abstract-Triple-Play (3P) and Quadruple-Play (4P) services are being widely offered by telecommunication services providers. Such services must be able to offer equal or higher quality levels than those obtained with traditional systems, especially for the most demanding services such as broadcast IPTV. This paper presents a matrix-based model, defined in terms of service components, user perceptions, agent capabilities, performance indicators and evaluation functions, which allows to estimate the overall quality of a set of convergent services, as perceived by the users, from a set of performance and/or Quality of Service (QoS) parameters of the convergent IP transport network

Searches for the ZγZ\gamma decay mode of the Higgs boson and for new high-mass resonances in pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

International audienceThis article presents searches for the Zγ decay of the Higgs boson and for narrow high-mass resonances decaying to Zγ, exploiting Z boson decays to pairs of electrons or muons. The data analysis uses 36.1 fb$^{−1}$ of pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data are found to be consistent with the expected Standard Model background. The observed (expected — assuming Standard Model pp → H → Zγ production and decay) upper limit on the production cross section times the branching ratio for pp → H → Zγ is 6.6. (5.2) times the Standard Model prediction at the 95% confidence level for a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 GeV. In addition, upper limits are set on the production cross section times the branching ratio as a function of the mass of a narrow resonance between 250 GeV and 2.4 TeV, assuming spin-0 resonances produced via gluon-gluon fusion, and spin-2 resonances produced via gluon-gluon or quark-antiquark initial states. For high-mass spin-0 resonances, the observed (expected) limits vary between 88 fb (61 fb) and 2.8 fb (2.7 fb) for the mass range from 250 GeV to 2.4 TeV at the 95% confidence level